Apparatus for drying and heating material



- 1 641 108 Aug, 30,1927. L. B'WEST APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND HEATING MATERIAL Filed March 19. 1926 2 sheets-sheet 1 Aug. 30, 1927.

APPARATUS FOR DRYINGAND HEATING MATERIAL F led March 19. 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 15 ,views;

Patented Aug; 30, 1927. p

. UNITED STATES I 1,641,108 PATENT OFFICE.

LAWRENCE B. WEST, OF OHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE.

APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND HEATING MATERIAL.

Application filed March 19, 1926. Serial No. 96,081.'

This invention relates to a combined dryer by the supporting member 58 to any suitand heater and has for its object to provide an apparatus and a processwhich' will be more efficient and less costly to operate than those heretofore proposed.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists in the novel details ofconstruction and combinations of parts, as well as the steps in the process which will be more fully hereinafter disclosed and particularly pointed out inthe claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which like numerals designate like parts in all the Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device made in accordance with this invention;

I Figure 2 is atransverse sectional view taken onthe line 2-2 of Figure 1 and lookingi'n the direction of the arrows; Figure 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 33 of Figure l and looking in the direction of the arrows;

.the flights used in this apparatus;

Figurev 5 is an enlarged sectional detail illustrating the connection between the dryer cylinder and the draft chamber or breeching; and I Figures 6 and 7 are perspective views illustrating one of the'deflecting plates 25 associated with one of the compartment partitions' 12 and the conicalmember 22.

1 indicates the flue from any suitable furmice or source of heat supply, at the end of which is the annular compartment 2 communicating with the delivery chute 3. This annular compartment 2 is interposed be- 40 tween the flue 1 and the draft chamber 4, the" upper end- 5 of which communicates witha stack, or'other suitable means, not illus-- trated, but adapted to remove spent .gas.

In the draft chamber 4 is located an aperture 6, to the upper edge of which is-hinged a. flapor trap door 7, andthrough which material to be dried and thereafter-heated,

may be introduced to the dryer by any suitj ab'le means such-as the-endless conveyor 8.

To thedraft chamber 4, and on the side .thereof opposite the annular compartment I 2,'is secured an annular casting 9, the outer circumferential surface 10 of which is machined for a purpose to be disclosed later.

' The draft chamber 4 is rigidly secured Figure 4 is a perspective view of one of 17 helically disposed to .said superheater able foundation, such as the beams 59, as is clearly seen in Figures 1 and 2. Q i The dryer comprises the outer cylindrical casing 11 to the inner surface of which is riveted or otherwise secured a plurality of division or compartment partitlons 12, the main body portion of each extending longitudinally approximatelythe entire length of the dryer casing 11 and positioned within said dryer casing 11 obliguely to a-diameter passing through one o the longitudinal edges thereof as clearly illustrated in Fig ure 3. V

Within said outer dryer casing 11, and

concentrically disposed thereto, is the inner tubular superheater casing'13 riveted or othtremity 16 of the dr er casing 11 fora purpose,.as will present y appear.

Referring particularly to Figure 1, the

end 14 of the superheater casing 13 is pro;

vided exteriorly with a plurality of flanges casing 13 to provide a plurality of screws, or worms,'1 8, bymeans of which the wet material, upon entering the draft chamber 4 may be moved into the dryer, These screws 18, it will be observed, extend longitudinally of the superheater'casing 13, only a short distance, as their purpose is only to move the wet materialout of the draft chamber 4, and insure the material reaching the compartments formed in the dryer by the partitions 12; The other end .15 of the superheater casing, 13 is provided interiorly with a similar set of worms, or screws, '19,

of short length to prevent the possible collection, in lar e quantities, of the material within the en 15- ofthe superheater casing 1 13. Their purpose, therefore, see Figure 1,

is .to movethe material rapidly within the superheater casing 13 from theend 15 thereof, in order that the same ma positively reach the flights 20 with whic the inner u surface of the superheater casing 13 is pro-- vided.

At the end 16 of the dryer casing 11, there is provided an end plate 21 which forms a complete closure for this end of the apparatus. Between the end of the superheater casing 13 and the end plate 21 1s positioned a conical member 22 disposed substantially concentric with the superheater casing 13, and the smaller end of which lies somewhat within the plane of the end 15 of said superheater casing. The larger end 23 of the cone 22 is provided exteriorly with the annular flange 24, which lies in a plane par allel to and spaced from the end plate 21.

Suitable supporting means are provided by which the cone 22 is secured to the ends of the compartment partitions 12. Such a means is illustrated in Figures 1, 3 and 6 wherein it will be seen that inclined triangularly shaped deflecting plates are riveted, or otherwise secured, by means of a turned over flange 251 formed thereon, to the ends of the compartment partitions 12 as is especially illustrated in Figure 6. An opposite edge 252 of the deflecting plate 25 is also provided with a flange 250, see Figures 1 and 3, by means of which said plate is riveted, or otherwise secured, to the outer surface'of the cone 22. The third, or free, edge of each plate 25 is provided with a lip 26, obliquely disposed to the plane of the plate 25, for a purpose to be disclosed later.

From the foregoing, and with particular reference to Figures 1 and 3, it will be seen that the hot gases from the furnace, or other source of heat suppl will leave the flue 1, and pass into the en 14 of the superheater casing 13. They will then pass lon- 1 gitudinally, in the direction of the arrows,

through the superheater casing 13, to the other end 15 thereof, where a. portion of the gases will continue in a straight path through the opening in the conical member 22, to be deflected by contact with the end plate member 21 as clearly shown in Figure 1. They will then pass through the space between the annular flange 24 and the end plate 21, and subsequently enter the longitudinal compartments 27 formed between the dryer casing 11, the superheater casing 13, and the compartment partitions 12, as particularly shown in Figure 3. The gases will here unite with other portions of the gases which did not pass through the cone 22, but which passed through the spaces between said cone and the superheater casing 13, as is clearly shown by the arrows in Figure 1.

The ho" gases, having now arrived in the plurality of compartments 27, will travel therethrough, in a direction opposite to the flow of gases inside ofthe superheater casing 13, toward the draft chamber 4, and through the same to the upper portion 5 thereof, where they may escape to the atmosphere through the usual stack or other means of exit commonly provided in apparatus of this character.

The dryer casing 11 is exteriorly provided with a plurality of annular bearing rings 28. which are adapted to rest on the rollers 29 suitably supported on any base or foundation such as the beams 30, as clearly shown in Figure 1. By so mounting the apparatus upon the free turning rollers 29, it may be rotated by any suitable means, such as the annular gear ring 31 securely attached to the exterior of the dryer casing 11, and driven by the gear 32, -meshing therewith and mounted on the shaft 33 adapted to receive its power from any suitable source.

In order that gases may not escape from the apparatus, except through the upper portion of the draft chamber 4. all joints will be substantially gas tight and of any suitable well known construction. Tn ordmthat the annular casting 34, carried by the dryer casing 11 and rotating therewith, may move relatively to the annular casting 9, carried by the stationary draft chamber 4. and atthe same time have therewith a sub stantially gas tight joint, it has been found advisable to machine finish the outer circumferential surface 10 of the casting 9 and the inner circumferential surface of the casting 34. The annular casting 34 is secured to the circular flange 35, disposed at the end 36 of the dryer casing 11 and circumjaccnt the casting 9,-by means of a plurality of bolts 37 and washers 38. Because the rollers 29 and the rings 28 associated therewith are subject to wear, the dryer may become radially displaced in its relation to the casting 9; but, in order that a substantiallygas tight joint may be maintained between the casting w- 34 and the casting-9, it is necessary that said casting 34 shall, at all times, remain substantially concentric with the casting 9. Therefore, the annular casting 34 is not rigidly secured to the circular flange 35, but is held only loosely thereto by the plurality of bolts 37 and washers 38. In Figure 5, itwill be seen'that the bolts 37 are of lesser diameter than the holes 39 provided for themin the annular casting 34 so that there is about each bolt 37 a space 40 of a dimension greater than any probable radial displace ment of the dryer in its relation to the casting 9. It is further seen, in Figure 5, that the bolts 37 are provided with shoulders 41, adapted to be firmly drawn against the circular flange by the nut 42. and that the length of the bolt 37, from the shoulder 41 to the head 43 thereof, is slightly greater than the combined thickness of the annular casting 34 and the washer 38, so that there may never be a bind action between the casting 34 and the flange 35 of the dryercasing 11. Furthermore, it will be seen that, 'due to the space about each bolt 37, the annular castin 34 may, within the limit-s of the space 40, e readily moved in any radial direction with reference to the circular flange 35 and the dryer casing 11.

The draft chamber.4 is'provided with a' plurality of spindles '44, rigidly secured thereto by the collars orflanges 45 or the brackets 46, see Figures 1, 2 and 5, and'said spindles are held in rigid relation to the casting 9 by the structure of the draft chamber 4 to, which the casting 9 isitself I 'rigidly secured. Each spindle 44. is provided with a journal 47 eccentri'cally disposed to the axis of'said spindle for a purpose presently to appear.-

48 adapted to contact the outer surface of the annular casting 34 carried by the dryer.

casing 11. 'Eacl1-spindle is further provided, at the end opposite to the journal 47,

49, and that, by again tightening the-nuts 52, each spindle may again be rigidly se-- cured to the draft chamber 4. Thus, it is obvious that the, position of the ecc'entrically.

- disposed journal 47 may be changed, by the rotation of the spindle 44, and that, there-- fore, one would be enabled to change the position of each roller 48 with relation to the casting 9. Thus',- by means of the seccentric journals 47, can various adjustments be made as needed with the result that the annular casting 34, which, in Figures 1, 2

and 5, isseen to be guided by the rollers 48,

may be correctly positioned relativel to the casting 9 secured to the draft cham er 4 It now seen, in Figures 1, 2 and 5, that the rollers 48'may be accurately positioned soasto'support the annular casting 34 in 'a position so nearly approaching a truly concentric relation with the casting. 9 that the space 60, between theannular casting '34 and the casting 9, may be so small as'to make asubstantially gas tight joint, and, at the, same time allow relative rotaryor axial mo-' tion between the casting 34 and the casting relation between the castin s 34 an 9, without a'ctualcontact with its-resultant friction and wear taking place. Also, it

.i will be seen that the dryer casing ma be radially displaced in its relation to the raft chamber 4 without-disturbing the gas tight 9. The material to be dri' and thereafter heated, may be deposited,

Each spindle has mounted upon its journal 47, a roller,

by any suitable meanssueh as the conveyor 8, in the hopper 53 WhlOll communicates with the aperture 6 in the draft chamber '4. Theweight' of the material thus deposited in the hopper 53 willcause'the trap door 7 to swing in wardly, as cl'earlyshown in Figure 2, so

that the said material may not only flow by gravity throughthe aperture 6, but, by occupying the entire space between thebottom portion ofthe hopper 53 and the trap door 7, prevent the entrance of any substantial amount of air into the draft chamber 4. The material, having passed through the aperture 6,-will' fall'upon the exterior surface of the cylindrical superheater casing 13 and will-be moved, by the screws 18 on said superheater casing, from the end.14 there of toward the compartments 27 betweenthe ill superheater casing'13 and the dryer casing 11. A considerable portion of the material will, through the action of gravity, slide {down the inclined surfaces of the screws 18 and, therefore, be guided into the compartments -27. -Other portions of the material falling too high upon the curved surface of the superheater casing 13to slide-quickly therefrom, will be carried over by said superheater casmg in' its rotation until cham er 4, but, due to thefact that the screws '18 are of such radial dimensions as to fit closely within the outer casing of the draft chamber 4, any material deposited in the bottom of. said chamberwill ultimately be moved, by said screws'18, into the dryer proper, all' as will beclear from Figures 1 and 2. a

.finall deposited in the bottom of the draft- The material, having arrived in the end i 36 of'the dryer casing 11, and entered the longitudinal compartments 27, will be moved .towardthe end'16 of said dryer casing 11.

That is to say, each compartment partition 12 is provided, on one side thereof, with a 'purality of obliquely disposed angular cleats 54, j as clearly shown in Figures 1 and 3. These cleats 54 are so mounted upon the par-- tition wall that, as thedryer rotates, said cleats will cause the material to move to the right, as Qseen-inFigure 1,in each compartf ment 27, thus insuring the travel of thematerial toward the end 16 0f the dryer casing 11. In Figure 3 it will be clearly seen a that the material is divided, b the partitions 12, into a plurality o advancing streams, or, in other words, the entire bulk of material dumped'into the dryer is divided into substantially equal parts orstreams, one

stream for each compartment 27. Further, 1

it will be'observed that, as the dryer rotates,

'theseseparate streams of. material will be,"

much disturbed, tumbled and rolled about within each compartment 27, and will be of these compartments including the'side formed by-the superheater casing 13.

caused to slide successively across'all sides When the material has thus progressed to the end 16 of the rotating dryer, it will have reached the extreme end 15 of the superheater casing 13, and, being no longer supported by said superheater casing, the material will {all over the extreme end 15 upon the inclined surface of the conical nun'iber 22, and be propelled therefrom, under the action of gravity, down and into the interior of the superheater casing 13. To -facilitate the entrance of the material into the end of the superheater casing 13, as well as to prevent flow of the material from said conical surface to the bottom of the dryer prop-er, triangularly shaped defleeting plates are provided, all as hereto fore disclosed. The free edge of each plate 525 is provided with the obliquely disposed flange 26, which constitutes substantially a directing chute for the material. Especially from Figure 1 will it be seen that the material which falls upon the conical surface will slide therefrom and. further, that that which slides off laterally will be caught by one of the deflecting plates 25 with the result that all of the material is positively directed into the superheater casing 13. However, to prevent an undue collecting of material within the superhcater casing 13 at the end 15 thereof, a screw or worm 19 is provided which is adapted to move the ,mat-erial quickly away from the said end 15 toward the flights 20.

These flights 20 are disposed more or less 'helically within the superheater casing 13,

a and, furthermore, are staggered with relation to each other as clearly seen in Figure 1. Each flight 20 is formed with an inclined bottom portion 55, and a side 56 extending substantially radially from the superheater casing 13, as particularly illustrated in Figure 4 and in such manner as to form a pocket 57 in each fl1ght,-wh1ch is adaptedto be filled with the material asthe flight moves upwards from the bottom of the rotating superheater casing 13. However, the flights are open on the side opposite the side as well as open on the side opposite the side 56, and, therefore, as the superheater casing 13 continues its rotation, the material caught in each flight 20 will fall out of the pocket 57 as the flight'appreaches and passes its uppermost position, as clearly shown in Figures 1 and 2. The material will thereupon drop downwardly and forwardly in a more or less divided condition and be showered across the space encompassed by the superheater casing 13, thereby exposing practically the entire surface area of the particles comprising the material to the hot gases flowing past the material. That is to say, the inclined bottom 55 of each flight 20 will cause the material, as it slides from the pocket 57 of they also cause a forward movement of the,

material in the said superheater casing toward the delivery chute 3.

In the foregoing it is to be observed that the direction of movement of the material through the apparatus is, at all times,

counter to the direction of flow of the gases.

Thus, the material, upon being introduced through the aperture 6 in the draft chamber 4, comes first in contact with the gases which have passed entirely through the superheater and the dryer andhave been deprived there in of most of. their original heat content. However. as the material progresses on its journey through the outer drying compartments and the inner superheating compartment, it comes successively in contactwith uniformly hotter and hotter gases, until, having progressed to the inside of the end 14 of the superheating drum 13, and being about to fall therefrom into the delivery chute 3, said material is in contact with the fresh hot gases entering the superheater that the material, as it is progressively dried and heated, comes in contact with progressively hotter gases, until finally the hottest material is in contact with only the hottest gases. Thus, there exists the greatest average diiference in temperature between the material and the gas with which it is in contact. It is evident, also, thatthis condition is conducive to the most rapid transfer of heat from the gases to the material and, consequently conducive to the most rapid and economical process through first drying and then heating the material.

The gases having entered the superheater casing 13 at the end 14: thereof, and, being hottest at that point, will, after traveling through the said superheater casing 13, past the conical member 22, and through the plurality of dryer compartments 27, and having encountered in their passage progressively cooler and cooler material, eventually reach the draft chamber 4 and the upper portion 5 thereof in a greatly cooled condition, and are discharged therefrom into the usual stack, not shown, practically devoid of the heat carried by them when they entered the superheater casing.

The cool and wet material entering heater casing 13 at the end 14 thereof, which is subjected to the highest temperature of the oncomin tive efl'ect t ereof on the said superheater gases, and to-the most destruccasing. The superheater casing is thus cooled by :said wet material and prevented from being injuriously overheated, as is the case in much apparatus of this character heretofore constructed. Moreover, it is to be observed'that the heat thus abstracted from the cylindrical surface of the superheater casing 13 by thewet material, serves to materiallyassist in the drying of said. material.

The material fed to the dryer proper, is seen to immediately enter the longitudinal compartments 27,- and to'be much tumbled and rolledabout therein in such manner that all. portions of said material are many time's exposed to the heat from. the gases passing through said compartments. It is further seenthat the material, in its passa e through the compartments 27, is broug t into contact with a considerable area df the exterior cylindrical surface of the hot super heater casing 13, and, therefore, said mate rial will absorb much heat therefrom, thereby not only great-1y aiding in the drying of said material, but also aiding in the preserving of the life of-said superheater casing 13.

screws 19. Having reache the material is seen to be much agitated 'thereby,-lifted up, andcascaded therefrom in .ingly hot heater, an

The material, upon entering the "superheater casing 13 .at the end 15 thereof, by

means of the conical member '22,and the deflecting plates" 25, -is seen to be quickly brought to the flights 20 b means of-the theflights 20,

dire'ctly tothe blast of said hot gases, and thereby completely superheated bythe time the material reaches the deliverychute, 3.

- It is further observed that the gases supplied throughthe flue 1 may be ofsuch temperature aswill heat the material much beyond asdried. It is also seen that because of the would be practical i the teniperaturerequired to drive the moisture only therefrom, so that the, apparatus is thus adapted to those processes whichrequire that: material shall be heated as well protection 'aflordedto the superheater casing 13 by the comparatively cool. material upon the exterior surface thereof, theiapparatus is adapted to utilize, without injury to itself, gases of muchx'hi her temperature than the superheater casing were not so cooled.

In the usual apparatus of this character.

heretofore constructed, there has been a serious loss of heat from the exterior "surface thereof This invention on the other hand,

Javoids this serious defect by having its hottest portion, thesuperheatedcasing' 13, comin such a manner that all parti-' cles of said material are many times exposed pletely surrounded by compartments or assages 27 conducting material so that any eat which may escape from said superheater casing 13 by radiation, will be captured by said material and not lost. that the ases, by the time they have traversed the ength of the superheater casing 13, entered the compartments 27, and there encountered the dryer casing 11, will have been so cooled by the material in said superheater casing that they will be inca able ofheating the outer casing 11 of the ryer sufliciently to cause any considerable loss of heat by radiation therefrom.

' It is seen, in Figure 3, that the weight of the material in the compartments'27 on the ascending side of the dryer is balanced substantiallybyan equal weight of material in the compartments on the descending side. But, by providing compartment partitions 12 obliquely disposed as shown in said Figure 3, the material on the asc'ending side is directed toward the center of rotation of the dryer, whereas the material on the descend- .ingside is directed toward the outer circumference of the dryer or away from the said center of rotation ofthe dryer. This has thetendency of over-balancing the structure, and placing an increased weight upon the descending side, which would normally lessen the power necessary to rotate the dryer and the super-heater contained therein. However, as illustrated in Figure 2, theflights 20, within the super-heater casing 13, scoop material upwardly and dum vthe same, while passing the vertical plane, t us adding weight to the ascending side. In practice, it

is 0 served that there is an approximate balance of the entire device, when in full operation, whereas, if the partition plates were radially disposed to the super-heater casing 13, much more power to rotate the device would be required due to the unbalanced weights. 1' 3" F rpm the foregoing disclosure it will thus be seen' that there is provided an-apparatus comprising an outer drum creasing 11, an

inner drum or super-heater casing 13 concentr ically and coaxially disposed relatively to each other and secured'to each other by It is further seen served that the material admitted to the apparatusl through the opening 6 will'contac't withfthe outer surface-of the inner drum 13 which-receives thegas'es of highest temperav I ture from the flue connected with a suitable source of heat supply, not shown. The biurnin out ofthe end 14 of the inner drum contacting therewith,,an d in fact the-life of the entire inner. drum is lengthened ,because of the material being dried disposed U 1'25 713 is t us prevented by the wet material on the outer circumferential surface thereof 8 and the hot gases contacting with the inner surface thereof. Further, it will be observed that the hot gases are brought into the apparatus at its central portion, and being under a slight pressure, have to travel to the end of the inner drum 13 before they can escape from said drum, and that upon the escape of said gases, said pressure thereof will cause them to flow in the direction of the arrows in the passages formed by the partitions 12 between the outer and inner drums eventually escaping to the atmosphere from the conduit 5.

Thus the apparatus may be considered as having two zones. The inner drum 13 in its length constitutes a high temperature zone for heating the dried material to that degree found necessary in the ultimate use of the material. The space between the outer and inner drums, on the other hand, constitutes a relatively low temperature zone in which such heat as remains in the gases, after their passage through the high temperature zone, is absorbed by the wet material in the passages 27 and in which there is also transmitted to the wet material such heat as may find its way, by conduction, radiation, or otherw se, throiwh the circumferential wall of the inner drum 18. The essence of this invention lies in the fact that the final or high temperature stage of the process takes place in the heart or core of the apparatus where it is surrounded on all sides by material which, undergoing processing at' lower temperatures and being capable of absorbing heat which escapes from the hot I zone, will eventually return such heat to the hot zone thus preventing its dissipation into the atmosphere. This makes it unnecessary in industrial processes to use reeuperators, regenerators, heat exchangers, or other external heat recovery apparatus. In other words, the fresh material admited to the apparatus tends to sweep the escaping heat back into the apparatus to be utilized therein and not lost, thus preserving the relatively high temperature of the heating zone within the inner drum 13.

It is obvious, to those skilled in this art, that the details of construction may be varied without departing from the spirit of the invention, and therefore, I do not desire to be limited to the above disclosure, except as may be demanded by the claims.

What is claimed is z-' 1. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of an outer drier casing; a superheater extending beyond said casing and spaced therein; a fine adapted to admit hot gas to one end of the superheater; a stationary draft chamber disposed about the extending end of said superheater and communicating with the space between said superheater and said drier casing; means to. deliver material to the space between said the extending end of said superheater and communicating with the space between said superheater and said drier casing; means to deliver material to the space between said superheater and said drier casing; means to convey the material to the interior of said superheater from said space including directly connected means to maintain the high temperature of said superheater; screw means to positively direct said material into said superheater from said conveying means; means to deliver the material from said superheater; and means to rotate said superheater and said drier casing.

3. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of an outer drier casing; a superheater extending beyond said casing and spaced therein by a plurality of longitudinally extending partitions; a flue adapted to admit hot gases to one end of said super-heater; a draft chamber disposed about the extending end of said super-heater and communicating with the space between said super-heater and said drier casing; means to continuously deliver material to the space between said super-heater and said drier casing; means connected to said partitions to convey the material to the interior of said super-heater from said space; means to deliver the material from said superheater; and means to rotate said super-heater and said drier casing.

4. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of an outer drier casing; a super-heater extending beyond said casing and spaced therein by a plurality of longitudinally extending partitions each angularly disposed to a diametric plane of said super-heater passing therethrough, said partitions adapted to aid the acceleration of a portion of the rotation of said superheater; a fine adapted to admit hot gases to one end of said super-heater; a draft chamber disposed about the extending end of said superheater and communicating with the space between said super-heater and said drier casing; means associated with said chamber to deliver material to the space between said super-heater and said drier casing; means to convey the material to the interior of said super-heater from said space; means to de liver the material from said super-heater and means to rotate said super-heater and said drier casing. a

5. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of an outer drier casing, a super-heater extending beyond said casing and spaced therein; a flue adapted to admit hot'gases to one end of said' superheat'er; a draft chamber to continuously receive the material to be dried, said chamber disposed about the extending end of said super-heater and communicating with the space between said super-heater and said drier casing; 'means associated with said chamber to positively deliver material to the space between said super-heater and said drier casing said means comprising a screw mounted on the extending portion of said super-heater; means to convey the material to the interior of said super-heater from said space; means to deliver the material from said super-heater; and means to-rotate said super-heater and said drier casing.

6. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of an outer drier casing; a superheater extending beyond said casing and spaced therein; a flue adapted to admit hot gas to one end of the superheater; a draft chamber disposed about the extending end of said superheater' and communicating with the space between said superheater and said drier casing; means to deliver material to the space between said superheater and said drier casing; means to convey the materialto the interior of said superheater from said space including a cone and means connected thereto to maintain the high temperature of said superheater; means to deliver the material from said superheater; and means to rotate said superheater and said drier casing.

7. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of an outer drier casing; a superheater extending beyond said casing and spaced therein; means to rotate said superheater and saiddrier casing; a fine adapted to admit hot gas to one end of the superheater; a draft chamber disposed about the extending endof said superheater and communicating with the spacebetween said superheater and said drier casing; means to delivermaterial to the space between said superheater and said drier casing; means to convey the material to the interior of said superheater rom said space including means adapted to aid the acceleration of a portion --of the rotation of and to maintain the high temperature of said superheater; and means comprising a plurality of independent flights todcliver the material from said superheater.

'8 In an apparatus of the character described the combination ofan outer drier casing a super-heater ext ding beyond said casing and spaced thereiii by a-plurality of longitudinally extending partitions; a flue super-heater from said space; meansto deliver the dried material from said super-- heater; and means to rotate said superheater and said drier casing to dry said material.

9. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of an outer drier casing; a super-heater extending beyond said casing and spaced therein'by a plurality of longitudinally extending partitions; a flue adapted to admit hot gases to one end of said super-heater; a draft chamber disposed about the extending end of said super-heater and communicating wlththe space between sald super-heater and said drier casing;

means to deliver material to the-space between said super-heater and said 'drier cas-. ing; means to maintain the high temperature of said super-heater including said partitions and means comprising a cone and a plurality of deflecting plates secured to said partitions to convey the partly dried material to the interior of said super-heater from,

said space means to deliver the dried material from said su er-heater; and means to rotate said supereater-and said drier cas-f ing to dry said material.

10. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of a: super-heater comprising an inner drum; a drier comprising a casing secured to said drum and spaced therefrom'to provide a plurality of passages in closed communication with the interior of said drum at one end thereof for rotatably moving material therein; a draft chamber encompassing said drum at the other end thereof and communicating with the passages of said casing; an inlet in said chamber for the material to be dried; means to pesi' tively move said material in one direction in said-passe es; means to positively move said material'ln an opposlte direction 1n said.

drum; an outlet for ,the dried material;

means to direct hot ases through said drum and passages in a ir'ection'opposite .to the travel of said material; and means to rotate said drum and casing.

11. In an apparatus of the character de-' vscribed the combination of a super-heater comprising an inner drum; a drier comprise ing a casing, circumjacently secured to said drum and spaced'therefromby a plurality of longitudinally extending partitions disposed obliquely between said drum and as ing to provide a plurality-of passages communicating with the interior of said drum at one end thereof, said partitions and. passages constituting means for rotatably moving material therein; a draft chamber encompassing said drum at the other end thereof and communicating with the passages of said casing; an inlet in said chamber for the material to be dried; means disposed on said partitions to more said material in one direction in said passages; means to move said material in an opposite direction in said drum; an outlet tor the dried material; means to direct hot gases through said drum and passages in adirection opposite to the travel of said material; and means to rotate said drum and casing.

12. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of a super-heater comprising an inner drum; a drier comprising a casing secured to said drum and spaced therefrom by a plurality of longitudinally extending partitions disposed obliquely be tween said drum and casing to provide a plurality of passages communicating with the interior of said drum at one end thereof, said partitions and passages constituting mains for rotatably moving material therein; a draft chamber encompassing said drum at the other end thereof and communicating with the passages of said casing; an inlet in said chamber for the material to be dried; means comprising a plurality of cleats disposed on said partitions to move said mate rial in one direction in said passages; means to move said material in an opposite direction in said drum; an outlet for the dried material; means to direct hot gases through said drum and passages in a direction opposite to the travel of said material; and means to rotate said drum and casing.

13. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of a draft chamber having an annular casting associated therewith; a drier casing provided with an annular flange circumjacent said casting and provided with a plurality of bolts; a second annular casting provided with a plurality of apertures adapted to be engaged'by said bolts said second 'asting associated with said drier casing ;,and means associated wi h said draft chamber for adjusting said second casting relatively to said chamber.

14. In an apparatus of the character described the combination of a stationary draft chamber-having an annular casting associated therewith; a rotatableT- drier casing provided with an annular flange circumjacent said casting and provided with a p urality of bolts; a second annular casting provided with'a plurality of a ertures adapted tobe engaged by said b0 ts,.said second casting associated with said drier casing for rotation therewith and means associated with said draft chamber "for adjusting said second casting relatively to said chamber while said casing is rotating. 1

15. In an apparatus of the character described the combination oi a draft chamber having an annular casting associated therewith; a drier casing provided with an annular flange circumjacent said casting and provided with a plurality of bolts; a second annular casting provided with a plu rality of a ertures adapted to be engaged by said bots; said second casting adjustably associated with said drier casing and coacting with said first named casting to provide a joint; and meanscarried by said chamber to maintain said joint substantially gas tight.

16. In-an apparatus of the character described the combination of a stationary draft chamber havin an annular casting associated therewith; a rotatable drier casing provided with an annular flange circumjacent said casting and provided with a plurality of bolts; a second annular casting provided with a plurality of apertures adapted to be engaged by said bolts, said second casting associated with said drier casing for rotation therewith; and eccentric means associated with said draft chamber for adjust ing said second casting relatively to said chamber while sald casing is rotating.

17. In an apparatus of the character de scribed the combination of a'draft chamber having an annular casting associated therewith; a drier casing provided with an annular flange circumjacent said casting and prov ded with a plurality of bolts; a second annular castin provided with a plurality of apertures adapted to be engaged by said bolts, said second casting associated with said drier casing; and means including a roller eccentrically mounted with respect to said chamber coacting with said second named casting for adjusting the same relatively to said chamber.

18. A rotating dryer comprising inner and outer drums spaced by a plurality of continuous partitions extending the length of said outer drum, said drums so associated as to provide a passageway in each for hot gases, said passageways including said partitions adapted to so positivel convey material therethrough to be drie that the heat from said gases is conserved.

19. A rotating dryer comprising inner and 'outer drums devoid of heat insulation and spaced by a plurality of continuous partitions extending the length of said outer drum, said drums so associated as to provide a passageway in each for hot gases, said passageways including said partitions adapted to so positively convey material therethrough to be dried that the heat from said gases 'is conserved.

20. A rotating dryer comprisilng inper aitid ura ity 0 par iouter. drums spaced by a tions continuously exten ing therebetween throughout the length of the outer drum, said drums so associated as to provide a passageway in each for hot gases, said passageways including said partitions adapted to so positively convey material to be dried from the outer. drum into the inner drum that-the heat from said gases is conserved.

21. A rotating dr er comprising an inner drum provided wit a lurality of spaced fli hts and an outer rum spaced from said inner drum by a plurality of continuous partitions extending the length of said outer drum, said drums so associated as to provide a passageway in' each for hot gases,

said passageways including said partitions and said flights adapted to so positively a0 convey material therethrough to be dried within the inner drum.

22. A rotating dryer comprising an inner and an outer drum so spaced by a plurality of partitions continuously extendin therebetween throughout the length Of-Sflld outer drum, and so associated'as to provide "a passageway in each for hot gases, said pas sageways adapted to so V ositivelyconvey material therethrough to he dried that the high temperature stageof the drying takes place wit in the innerdrum the material in the outer drum being so conveyed to and into the inner drum as to undergo processing at a lower temperature thus absorbing heat esca ing from, and returning the same to, the high temperature zone,

ture.

LAWRENCE B. WEST.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signa- 

